Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical)

Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Sonneratia alba On Escherichia coli And Staphylococcus aureus

kevin wong — 2025-04-30

Antibacterial is a compound used to control the growth of harmful bacteria. Mangrove plants are strongly suspected to have bioactive content, the bioactive content contained in mangrove plants is useful in the pharmaceutical field as a medicinal ingredient. Sonneratia alba root contains secondary metabolite compounds Flavanoids, tannins and alkaloids that act as antibacterials. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of S.alba ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Escherichia coli bacteria. Extraction method by maceration, long extraction time 3 days. The extract obtained is then evaporated solvent in the rotary evaporator then the extract results are made concentrations of 25?g, 50?g, 100?g, and 150?g. antibacterial testing using the Kirby-Bauer method. The results showed that at concentrations of 25?g, 50?g, 100?g, and 150?g Sonneratia alba mangrove roots had antibacterial activity. But those that have strong antibacterial activity in Escherichia coli bacteria are at a concentration of 50? with while in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria are at a concentration of 150?g with an inhibitory zone of 18.6mm, and in Escherichia coli bacteria with an inhibitory zone of 18,3mm.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract from Chromolaena odorata L. Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

Reski Anti — 2025-04-30

Chromolaena odorata L. has bioactive compounds that can be used as raw medicine materials. Bioactive compounds from Chromolaena odorata L. are reported to have pharmacological and antibacterial properties. This study aims to the antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity testing used the agar diffusion method using paper discs with 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 µg/disc extract concentrations. Based on the results obtained, the ethanol extract of Chromolaena odorata L. has antibacterial activity of S. aureus with inhibition zone diameters of 12.14, 11.99, 12.63, 12.62, and 13.85 mm.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity Test of Mangrove Root (Sonneratia alba) Ethanol Extract Gel Preparation in Carragenan-Induced White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Alfared S. Simanjuntak — 2025-04-30

Nature provides various compounds that can provide anti-inflammatory activity, one of which is the compound contained in mangrove roots (Sonneratia alba). In these plants, especially in the roots, there are secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids and from various reported research results, flavonoids have anti-inflammatory properties. The medicinal preparation that the researchers want to make is a gel preparation that is used for topical treatment therapy. The research was carried out with 15 rats into 5 test groups. Positive control group: given Diclofenac Sodium gel (Voltadex) 20 g (1%), negative control group: given gel without ethanol extract, 2.5% concentration group: given 2.5% ethanol extract gel, 5% concentration group: given 5% ethanol extract gel, 10% concentration group: 10% ethanol extract gel was given. The data was analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The research results showed that the Sonneratia alba ethanol extract gel preparation had anti-inflammatory activity. The research results show that the ethanol extract of Sonneratia alba mangrove roots can be used as a gel preparation and in in vivo testing the gel preparation of Sonneratia alba mangrove root ethanol extract has anti-inflammatory activity. The control group of Sonneratia alba mangrove root ethanol extract gel preparations of concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% had a swelling inhibition percentage, which means that Sonneratia alba mangrove root ethanol extract gel preparations of 2.5%, 5% and 10% concentration had anti-inflammatory activity.

Evaluation of Ficus minahassae Fruit Extract as a Natural Agent against Propionibacterium acnes

Abigail F. Maarisit — 2025-04-30

Ficus minahassae fruit is known to contain bioactive compounds that have the potential to act as antibacterial agents. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of Propionibacterium acnes from F. minahassae fruit extract. F. minahassae fruit is extracted using ethanol. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method. Based on the results of the study, it was obtained that F. minahassae fruit extract was able to inhibit P. acnes bacteria at concentrations of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mg/disc with inhibition zone diameters of 11.68, 13.33, 14.35, 15.47, and 17.82 mm, respectively. F. minahassae fruit extract can be developed as a raw material for drugs, especially anti-bacterial P. acnes, which causes acne.

Activity of Caulerpa racemosa Against Helicobacter pylori Bacteria

Jekki J. F. Kalangi — 2025-04-30

Sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) contain various secondary metabolites with bioactive compounds that function as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) against Helicobacter pylori. The method used was the agar diffusion technique with paper discs at four different extract concentrations: 500 µg, 600 µg, 700 µg, and 800 µg per disc. Extraction was carried out through maceration using 96% ethanol as the solvent, and antibacterial activity was assessed based on the formation of inhibition zones around the discs. The results showed that all extract concentrations exhibited very strong inhibitory effects on the growth of H. pylori, with inhibition zones of 27.23 mm, 28.51 mm, 29.91 mm, and 31.51 mm, respectively. The higher the extract concentration, the larger the inhibition zone formed. Based on antibacterial activity categorization, Caulerpa racemosa extract demonstrates potential as a strong antibacterial agent against Helicobacter pylori.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Basil Leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) Against Staphylococcus aureus Using the Diffusion Agar Method

Selvana S. Tulandi — 2025-04-30

Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly due to the increasing resistance to antibiotics. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum L.) against S. aureus using the agar diffusion method. This laboratory experimental study used a completely randomized design: extract concentration treatments (100µL, 200µL, 300µL, 400µL), a positive control (synthetic antibiotic @amoxicillin), and a negative control (distilled water), each with three replications. The data were analyzed using non-parametric statistics, as the data were not normally distributed and lacked homogeneity. The Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to determine differences between treatments. The results showed that basil leaf extract exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with all concentrations inhibiting the growth of S. aureus. The highest inhibition zone was observed at the 400µL concentration, with an average diameter of 9.28 ± 0.36 mm. These findings suggest the potential of basil leaves as a natural antibacterial source for developing alternative therapies against S. aureus infections.

Inhibitory Activity Test of Sea Grape (Caulerpa racemosa) Against Salmonella typhi Bacteria

Indri J. Kereh — 2025-04-30

Salmonella typhi is the primary bacterial cause of typhoid fever, which remains a serious health concern in developing countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory activity of sea grape (Caulerpa racemosa) extract against Salmonella typhi. The extract was obtained through maceration and tested using the agar diffusion method with paper discs at various concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/disc). The results showed that C. racemosa extract inhibited the growth of S. typhi with average inhibition zone diameters of 25 mm (100 µg), 27.3 mm (200 µg), 28.8 mm (300 µg), and 29.5 mm (400 µg). The negative control (distilled water) showed no antibacterial activity. Based on classification, all concentrations exhibited very strong antibacterial activity. A higher extract concentration corresponded to greater inhibitory effect. These findings suggest that C. racemosa has potential as a natural antibacterial agent against S. typhi and may be further developed for alternative typhoid treatment.

Inhibitory Test of Scleria sumatrensis Stem Extract against Propionibacterium acnes Bacteria in Vitro

Sonny D. Untu — 2025-04-30

This study aims to test the antibacterial activity of Scleria sumatrensis extract against Propionibacterium acnes, a bacteria that causes acne. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method using 96% ethanol, and the antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion method using a concentration of 100–500 ?g/disc. The results showed that the extract provided moderate antibacterial activity at a concentration of 100 ?g/disc and increased to strong at a concentration of 200–500 ?g/disc. S. sumatrensis extract contains secondary metabolite compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids that play a role in inhibiting the growth of P. acnes through various mechanisms, including cell membrane damage, inhibition of protein synthesis, and disruption of bacterial metabolism. Based on the results of the study, S. sumatrensis extract has the potential as a natural antibacterial alternative for acne treatment without significant side effects or the risk of antibiotic resistance.

Antibacterial Activity Test of Scleria sumatrensis Leaf Extract against Staphylococcus aureus in Vitro

Douglas N. Pareta — 2025-04-30

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is one of the important pathogens that can cause various types of infections, ranging from mild ones such as folliculitis and impetigo to life-threatening conditions such as nosocomial pneumonia, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, sepsis, and toxic shock syndrome. Due to its ability to develop resistance to antibiotics, new alternative treatments are needed, one of which is from natural ingredients. In this study, the antibacterial activity of Scleria sumatrensis extract was tested against Staphylococcus aureus with a concentration variation of 100 - 500 µg / disc. The results showed that at a concentration of 100 ?g / disc, the extract provided antibacterial activity in the moderate category, while at a concentration of 200 to 500 ?g / disc, the activity produced was included in the strong category. These findings indicate that Scleria sumatrensis extract has the potential as a natural antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus aureus, so it is worthy of further development as an alternative therapy for infections caused by S. aureus bacteria.